Propionyl-L-carnitine . hydrochloride

Overview
Catalog #	bs-75504c-25mg
Product Name	Propionyl-L-carnitine . hydrochloride
Specifications
Storage Buffer	Solid
Storage Condition	Stable for 2 years after receipt when stored at -20°C.
Target
Product Information	CAS Number: 119793-66-7 Molecular formula: C10H19NO4 . HCl Molecular weight: 217.3 . 36.5 Purity: >98% (NMR) Appearance: White to off-white solid. Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide. InChiKey: KTFMPDDJYRFWQE-DDWIOCJRSA-N SMILES: CC[C@@H](CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC
Description	Naturally occurring carnitine derivative formed by carnitine acetyltransferase during beta-oxidation of uneven chain fatty acids, with high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Increases cellular carnitine content, allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria [1, 5]. Stimulates energy production in ischaemic muscles by increasing citric acid cycle flux and stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity [1, 2]. Important for mitochondrial metabolism and energy regulation. Regulates the metabolism of both carbohydrates and lipids, leading to an increase of ATP generation [9, 11]. Selectively inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis from human neutrophils [3]. Antioxidant. Shows free radical scavenging activity [4]. Decreases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS II) and NADPH-oxidase 4-mediated reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells [7]. Shows beneficial cardiovascular effects. Improves body weight, food intake, adiposity and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes [5, 6, 8-10]. Stimulates endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS/NOS III) and increased NO production, via AMPK/Src-mediated signaling that leads to activation of PI3 kinase and Akt [6, 12].